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Suggested Reading List

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1993a. Case studies in environmental medicine: ionizing radiation. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1993b. Case studies in environmental medicine: reproductive and developmental hazards. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1999. Toxicological profile for ionizing radiation. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2001. Case studies in environmental medicine: taking an exposure history. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2001. Health risk communication training manual. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2001. Toxicological profile for iodine. Draft for public comment. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2002. Case studies in environmental medicine: pediatric and environmental health. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Anderson DM, Marsh TL, Deonigi DA. 1996. Developing historical food production and consumption data for 131I dose estimates: the Hanford experience. Health Phys 71(4):578–87.

Arndt D, Mehnert WH, Franke AG, Woller P, Laude G, Rockel A, et al. 1994. Radioiodine therapy during an unknown remained pregnancy and radiation exposure of the fetus. A case report [in German]. Strahlenther Onkol 170:408–14.

Astakhova LN, Anspaugh LR, Beebe GW, Bouville A, Drozdovitch VV, Garber V. 1998. Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer in children of Belarus: a case-control study. Radiat Res 150(3):349–56.

Ayala C, Navarro E, Rodriguez JR, Silva H, Venegas E, Astorga R. 1998. Conception after iodine 131 therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 8:1009–11.

Barrington SF, O’Doherty MJ, Kettle AG, Thomson WH, Mountford PJ, Burrell DN, et al. 1999. Radiation exposure of the families of outpatients treated with radioiodine (I-131) for hyperthyroidism. Eur J Nucl Med 26(7):682–9.

Baum A, Gatchel RJ, Schaeffer MA. 1983. Emotional, behavioral, and physiological effects of chronic stress at Three Mile Island. J Consult Clin Psychol 51(4):565–72.

Beckers C. 1997. Regulations and policies on radioiodine 131I therapy in Europe. Thyroid 7(2):221–4.

Bengtsson G. 1987. Radiation doses in Europe after the Chernobyl accident. Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 4(3–4):133–7.

Beno M, Mikulkecky M, Hrabina J. 1992. Transfer factor of 131I from the fallout to human thyroid dose equivalent after the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Environ Biophys 31(2):133–9.

Bleuer JP, Averkin YI, Abelin T. 1997. Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer: what evidence for role of short-lived iodine Environ Health Perspect 105(suppl 6):1483–6.

Boigon M, Moyer D. 1995. Solitary thyroid nodules. Separating benign from malignant conditions. Postgrad Med 98(2):73–4, 77–80.

Carpi A, Nicolini A, Sagripanti A. 1999. Protocols for the preoperative selection of palpable thyroid nodules: review and progress. Am J Clin Oncol 22(5):499–504.

Castronovo FP Jr. 1999. Teratogen update: radiation and Chernobyl. Teratology 60(2):100–6.

Cate S, Ruttenber AJ, Conklin AW. 1990. Feasibility of an epidemiologic study of thyroid neoplasia in persons exposed to radionuclides from the Hanford nuclear facility between 1944 and 1956. Health Phys 59(2):169–78.

Ceccarelli C, Battisti P, Gasperi M, Fantuzzi E, Pacini F, Gualdrini G, et al. 1999. Radiation dose to the testes after 131I therapy for ablation of postsurgical thyroid remnant in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Nucl Med 40(10):1716–21.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. The Hanford thyroid disease study draft final report. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services. Available from URL: www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/hanford/summary.pdf.

Committee on the Assessment of Health Consequences in Exposed Populations. 1987. Health and environmental consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. Washington: US Department of Energy.

Committee on Thyroid Screening Related to I-131 Exposure, Institute of Medicine, and Committee on Exposure of the American People to I-131 from the Nevada Atomic Bomb Tests, National Research Council. 1999. Exposure of the American people to iodine-131 from Nevada nuclear-bomb tests: Review of the National Cancer Institute Report and Public Health Implications. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. p 4.

Congressional testimony 1998. Testimony of Barry L. Johnson, PhD, assistant surgeon general. Hearings before the Subcomm. on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the US Senate, 105th Cong., 2nd Sess.

Covello VT. 1995. Risk perception and communication. Can J Public Health 86(2):78–82.

Dadak C, Kosian K, Rauscher G, Hefner A, Steger F. 1989. Exposure to radioactivity in the perinatal period following the nuclear accident in Chernobyl [in German]. Gebursthilfe Frauenheilkd 49(2):169–71.

Dalager NA, Kang HK Mahan CM. 2000. Cancer mortality among the highest exposed US atmospheric nuclear test participants. J Occup Environ Med 42(8):798–805.

De Vathaire F, Hardiman C, Shamsaldin A, Campbell S, Grimaud E, Hawkins M, et al. 1999. Thyroid carcinoma after irradiation for a first cancer during childhood. Arch Intern Med 159(22):2713–9.

De Vathaire F, Le Vu B, Vathaire CC. 2000. Thyroid cancer in French Polynesia between 1985 and 1995: influence of atmospheric nuclear bomb tests performed at Moruroa and Fangataufa between 1966 and 1974. Cancer Causes Control 11(1):59–63.

Dohrenwend BP, Dohrenwend BS, Warheit GS, Bartlett GS, Goldsteen RL, Goldsteen K, et al. 1981. Stress in the community: a report to the President’s Commission on the accident at Three Mile Island. Ann N Y Acad Sci 265:159–174.

[EPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 1988. Federal guidance report no. 11: limiting values of radionuclide intake and air concentration and dose conversion factors for inhalation, submersion, and ingestion. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency. Report No.: EPA-5201/1-88-020.

[EPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. National primary drinking water regulations: radionuclides; final rule. 40CFR141. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency.

Farahati J, Demidchik EP, Biko J, Reiners C. 2000. Inverse association between age at the time of radiation exposure and extent of disease in cases of radiation-induced childhood thyroid carcinoma in Belarus. Cancer 88(6):1470–6.

Farris WT, Napier BA, Ikenberry TA, Shipler DB. 1996. Radiation doses from Hanford Site releases to the atmosphere and the Columbia River. Health Phys 71(4):588–601.

Food and Drug Administration. 1998. Accidental radioactive contamination of human food and animal feeds: recommendations for state and local agencies. Rockville (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services.

Food and Drug Administration. 2001. Guidance: potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in radiation emergencies. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Friedman MJ, Charney DS, Deutch AY, editors. 1995. Neurobiological and clinical consequences of stress: from normal adaptation to post-traumatic stress disorder. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.

Frohmberg E, Goble R, Sanchez V, Quigley D. 2000. The assessment of radiation exposure in Native American communities from nuclear weapons testing in Nevada. Risk Anal 20(1):101–11.

Fujiwara S, Sposto R, Shiraki M, Yokoyama N, Sasaki H, Kodama K, et al. 1994. Levels of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in serum among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res 137(1):96–103.

Galle PR, Masse R, editors. 1982. Radionuclide metabolism and toxicity. Paris: Masson.

Gharib H. 1994. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: advantages, limitations, and effect. Mayo Clin Proc 69(1):44–9.

Gilbert ES, Tarone R, Bouville A, Ron E. 1998. Thyroid cancer rates and 131I doses from Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. J Natl Cancer Inst 90(21):1654–60.

Gilbert ES, Fix JJ, Baumgartner WV. 1996. An approach to evaluating bias and uncertainty in estimates of external dose obtained from personal dosimeters. Health Phys 70(3):336–45.

Gilbert RO, Mart EL, Denham DH, Strenge DL, Miley TB. 1996. Uncertainty of historical measurements of 131I in Hanford-area vegetation. Health Phys 70(2):160–70.

Goldsmith JR, Grossman CM, Morton WE, Nussbaum RH, Kordysh EA, Quastel MR, et al. 1999. Juvenile hypothyroidism among two populations exposed to radioiodine. Environ Health Perspect 107(4):303–8.

Gouseev IA, Moiseev AA, Evtikiev VI. 1996. Accidental internal exposure of all groups of Chernobyl nuclear power plant employers. Proceedings of the 1996 International Congress of Radiation Protection (IRPA 9). Paris: Fontenay-aux-Roses. Vol. 4, p. 580–2.

Greenspan FS. 1997. The thyroid gland. In: Greenspan FS, Strewler GJ, editors. Basic and clinical endocrinology. 5th edition. Stamford (CT): Appleton & Lange. p. 192–262.

Grigsby PW, Siegel BA, Baker S, Eichling JO. 2000. Radiation exposure from outpatient radioactive iodine (131I) therapy for thyroid carcinoma. JAMA 283(17):2272–4.

Grossman CM, Morton WE, Nussbaum RH. 1996. Hypothyroidism and spontaneous abortions among Hanford, Washington, downwinders. Arch Environ Health 51(3):175–6.

Hall P, Mattsson A, Boice JD Jr. 1996. Thyroid cancer after diagnostic administration of iodine-131. Radiat Res 145(1):86–92.

Heeb CM, Gydesen SP, Simpson JC, Bates DJ. 1996. Reconstruction of radionuclide releases from the Hanford Site, 1944–1972. Health Phys 71(4):545–5.

Henriques WD, Spengler RF. 1999. Locations around the Hanford Nuclear Facility where average milk consumption by children in 1945 would have resulted in an estimated median iodine-131 dose to the thyroid of 10 rad or higher. J Public Health Manag Pract 5(2):35–6.

Hundahl SA. 1998. Perspective: National Cancer Institute summary report about estimated exposures and thyroid doses received from iodine 131 in fallout after Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. CA Cancer J Clin 48(5):285–98.

International Atomic Energy Agency and World Health Organization. 1998. Planning the medical response to radiological accidents. IAEA Safety Report Series No. 4. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 15–21.

International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1991. Recommendations of the ICRP. Oxford (UK): Pergamon Press. ICRP Publication 60. Ann ICRP 21(1–3).

International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1995. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: part 2. Ingestion dose coefficients. ICRP Publication 67. Ann ICRP 23(3–4).

Ivanov VK, Gorsky AI, Tsyb AF, Maksyutov MA, Rastopchin EM. 1999. Dynamics of thyroid cancer incidence in Russia following the Chernobyl nuclear accident. J Radiol Prot 19(4):305–18.

Jacob P, Kenigsberg Y, Zvonova I, Goulko G, Buglova E, Heidenreich WF, et al. 1999. Childhood exposure due to the Chernobyl accident and thyroid cancer risk in contaminated areas of Belarus and Russia. Br J Cancer 80(9):1461–9.

Jacob P, Kenigsberg Y, Goulko G, Buglova E, Gering F, Golovneva A, et al. 2000. Thyroid cancer risk in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident: comparison with external exposures. Radiat Environ Biophys 39(1):25–31.

Jankowski J. 1996. The consequences of the Chernobyl accident one decade after the disaster. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 9(4):365–74.

Kenigsberg J, Buglova E. 1996. Assessment of the thyroid protection efficiency for Belarusian children after the Chernobyl accident. Proceedings of the 1996 International Congress of Radiation Protection (IRPA 9). Paris: Fontenay-aux-Roses. Vol. 3. p. 245–6.

Kerber RA, Till JE, Simon SL, Lyon JL, Thomas DC, Preston-Martin S, et al. 1993. A cohort study of thyroid disease in relation to fallout from nuclear weapons testing. JAMA 270(17):2076–82.

Kotz D. 2000. Hanford: study leaves questions about increased thyroid cancer rates unanswered. J Nucl Med 41(4):17N–18N, 21N, 25N.

Larsen PR, Davies TF, Hay ID. 1998. The thyroid gland. In: Endocrinology. 9th edition. Philadelphia: Williams. p. 389–515.

Lin JD, Wang HS, Weng HF, Kao PF. 1998. Outcome of pregnancy after radioactive iodine treatment for well differentiated thyroid carcinomas. J Endocrinol Invest 21:662–7.

Lloyd RD, Tripp DA, Kerber RA. 1996. Limits of fetal thyroid risk from radioiodine exposure. Health Phys 70(4):559–62.

Lombard J, Coulon R, Despres A. 1988. An ALARA approach to the radiological control of foodstuffs following an accidental release. Risk Anal 8(2):283–90.

Maxon HR, Saenger EL. 1996. Biologic effects of radioiodines on the human thyroid gland. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD. Werner and Ingbar’s the thyroid. 7th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. p. 332–50.

Nagataki S, Shibata Y, Inoue S, Yokoyama N, Izumi M, Shimaoka K. 1994. Thyroid diseases among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki. JAMA 272(5):364–70.

Naik KS, Bury RF. 1998. Imaging the thyroid. Clin Radiol 53(9):630–9.

National Cancer Institute. 1997. Estimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American people from iodine-131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Newcomb MD. 1986. Nuclear attitudes and reactions: associations with depression, drug use, and quality of life. J Pers Soc Psychol 50(5):906–20.

Niedenthal J. 1997. A history of the people of Bikini following nuclear weapons testing in the Marshall Islands: with recollections and views of elders of Bikini Atoll. Health Phys 73(1):28–36.

National Cancer Institute. 1997. Estimated exposures and thyroid doses received by the American People from Iodine 131 in fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. A report from the National Cancer Institute. Bethesda: US Department of Health and Human Services.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 2001. Standards for protection against radiation (10CFR20-35). Washington, DC: US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

O’Hare NJ, Gilligan P, Murphy D, Malone JF. 1997. Estimation of foetal brain dose from I-131 in the foetal thyroid. Phys Med Biol 42(9):1717–26.

Oertel YC. 1996. Fine-needle aspiration and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 25(1):69–91.

Pacini F, Vorontsova T, Molinaro E, Shavrova E, Agate L, Kuchinskaya E, et al. 1999. Thyroid consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Acta Pediatr Suppl 88(433):23–7.

Petrone LR. 1996. A primary care approach to the adult patient with nodular thyroid disease. Arch Fam Med 5(2):92–100.

Prisyazhniuk A, Gritschenko V, Zakordonets V, Fouzik N, Slipeniuk Y, Ryzhak I. 1995. The time trends of cancer incidence in the most contaminated regions of the Ukraine before and after the Chernobyl accident. Radiat Environ Biophys 34:3–6.

Rallison ML, Lotz TM, Bishop M, Divine W, Haywood K, Lyon JL, et al. 1990. Cohort study of thyroid disease near the Nevada Test Site: a preliminary report. Health Phys 59(5):739–46.

Ramsdell JV Jr, Simonen CA, Burk KW, Stage SA. 1996. Atmospheric dispersion and deposition of 131I released from the Hanford Site. Health Phys 71(4):568–77.

Risk Assessment Corporation. 2001. Savannah River Site Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project. Final Report. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/savannah/Cover.pdf.

Robbins J. 1997. Lessons from Chernobyl: the event, the aftermath fallout: radioactive, political, social. Thyroid 7(2):189–192.

Robkin MA, Shleien B. 1995. Estimated maximum thyroid doses from 129I releases from the Hanford site for the years 1944–1995. Health Phys 69(6):917–22.

Sandman P. 1993. Responding to community outrage: strategies for effective risk communication. Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association.

Schlumberger M, De Vathaire F, Ceccarelli C, Delisle MJ, Francese C, Couette JE, et al. 1996. Exposure to radioactive iodine-131 for scintigraphy or therapy does not preclude pregnancy in thyroid cancer patients. J Nucl Med 37(4):606–12.

Schottenfeld RS. 1992. Psychologic sequelae of chemical and hazardous materials exposures. In: Sullivan JB, Kriger GR, editors. Hazardous materials toxicology. Clinical principles of environmental health. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. p. 463–70.

Shipler DB, Napier BA, Farris WT, Freshley MD. 1996. Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project—an overview. Health Phys 71(4):532–44.

Sipes IG, McQueen CA, Gandolfi AJ. 1997. Comprehensive toxicology. Vol 10. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science. p. 692–9.

Slaback LA, Birky B, Shleien B. 1997. Handbook of health physics and radiological health. New York: Williams and Wilkins.

Slovic P. 1987. Perception of risk. Science 236(4799):280–5.

Smith MB, Xue H, Takahashi H, Cangir A, Andrassy RJ. 1994. Iodine 131 thyroid ablation in female children and adolescents: long-term risk of infertility and birth defects. Ann Surg Oncol 1(2):128–31.

Stern TA, Herman JB. 2000. Massachusetts General Hospital psychiatry: update and board preparation. New York: USA: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Takahashi T, Trott KR, Fujimori K, Simon SL, Ohtomo H, Nakashima N, et al. 1997. An investigation into the prevalence of thyroid disease on Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Health Phys 73(1):199–213.

Tezelman S, Grossman RF, Siperstein AE, Clark OH. 1994. Radioiodine-associated thyroid cancers. World J Surg 18(4):522–8.

Tsunoda T, Mochinaga N, Eto T, Maeda H. 1991. Hyperparathyroidism following the atomic bombing in Nagasaki. Jpn J Surg 21(5):508–11.

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Energy. 2000a. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Vienna: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Energy. Vol. I: sources.

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Energy. 2000b. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. Vienna: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Energy. Vol. II: effects.

US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1994. Release of patients administered radioactive materials. Regulatory guide 8.39. Washington, DC: US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Verellen D, Vanhavere F. 1999. Risk assessment of radiation-induced malignancies based on whole-body equivalent dose estimates for IMRT treatment in the head and neck region. Radiother Oncol 53(3):199–203.

Voelz GL. 1994. Ionizing radiation. In: Zenz C, Dickerson OB, Horvath EP, editors. Occupational medicine. 3rd edition. St. Louis, MO: Mosby. p. 393–425.

Voelz GL. 1995. Occupational injuries caused by radiation exposure. In: Herington TN, Morse LH, editors. Occupational injuries. Evaluation, management, and prevention. St. Louis, MO: Mosby. p. 447–68.

Vyner HM. 1988. The psychological dimensions of health care for patients exposed to radiation and the other invisible contaminants. Soc Sci Med 27(10):1097–103.

Walsh RM, Watkinson JC, Franklyn J. 1999. The management of the solitary thyroid nodule: a review. Clin Otolaryngol 24(5):388–97.

Walters RH, Richmond MC, Gilmore BG. 1996. Reconstruction of radioactive contamination in the Columbia River. Health Phys 71(4):556–67.

Whicker FW, Pinder JE. 2002. Food chains and biogeochemical pathways. Health Phys 82(5):680–9.

[WHO] World Health Organization. 1999. Guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents. Update 1999. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO/SDE/PHE/99.6. Available from: www.who.int

Zanzonico PB. 2000. Age-dependent thyroid absorbed doses for radiobiologically significant radioisotopes of iodine. Health Phys 78(1):60–7.

Zeighami EA, Morris MD. 1986. Thyroid cancer risk in the population around the Nevada Test Site. Health Phys 50(1):19–32.

Zuniga-Gonzalez S. 2000. Thyroiditis induced by radioactive iodine (I-131). Report of a case and review of the literature. Gac Med Mex 136(1):65–9.